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　　Sports Facilities 體育設施

　　The information here was written especially to help people answer the questions, "What sports facilities are there near where you live?" and, "What sports facilities are there at your university?"

　　The word 'facility' includes the two ideas of a place and the special equipment in that place, to be used for a certain activity. When speaking of 'sports facilities', you can replace the idea of 'equipment' with the idea of "something special about that place". For example, a running track has no"equipment" but it is especially designed, with lines on the ground representing the running lanes.

　　For the question, "What sports facilities are there near where you live?", the meaning is facilities that the general public can use. This includes: facilities that people can use, free of cost; facilities that people must pay to use; and it also includes such facilities as private sports clubs that you, as a member ofthe public, can join if you want.

　　Maybe there's a private school in your community that has a swimming pool and several tennis courts. If you, a non-student at the school, are not allowed to enter and use these facilities (even when you offer to pay), then it is not suitable to include the school's sports facilities as examples of sports facilities near where you live. Of course,

　　you could mention these facts to the examiner and explain how these facilities exist but are not available for the public to use, and that would be suitable for a Part 3 answer but a little unsuitable for Part 1 unless you firstly address the question of facilities available to the public. Anyway, in Part 1 you probably won't have time to give such an extended and detailed example.

　　What is 'sport'? A sport is a physical activity that is done for exercise and amusement (although some sports involve very little exercise and focus more on physical skills.)

　　Some sports are done mostly for competition, such as football, basketball or tennis. This is the main group of activities that people think of when using the word, 'sport'. These competitive sports have set rules and special areas where the activity is done. A broader definition of 'sport' includes some physical activities that are done purely forrecreation, not competition, such as hunting, fishing, or horseback riding. Most of the water sports such as scuba-diving, snorkeling, water skiing and surfing (surfboard riding) are non-competitive, although water skiing and surfing competitions are held sometimes.

　　The 'extreme sports' are also usually non-competitive. These sports really involve competing against oneself or against nature. Examples of these are: 'sky diving',

　　'white water rafting' down a fast-moving river or mountain climbing (rock climbing), such as climbing Mt. Everest (珠穆朗瑪).

　　Some sports don't require much physical exertion but do require physical skills, for example pistol shooting. Similarly, games such as snooker (斯諾克) which are games of physical skill rather than physical exertion are usually also classified as 'sports'.

　　Make sure you know the difference between "sport" and simple "exercise". A sport usually involves physical skills but exercise ( 鍛 煉 身 體 ) is simply the physical activity of 'moving the body' – walking up the stairs to your 4th-floor apartment is a form of exercise but it's not sport. A "walking path" in a public park might be used by a lot of people for exercise, but it is unsuitable to describe that as a, "sports facility".

　　Sometimes there is a 'fine line' (= an unclear dividing line) between what is exercise and what is sport. For example, if you go to the swimming pool three times a week and swim ten laps of the pool each time, can you say that you do a sports activity? Personally, I would call it a form of exercise, not sport. (Certainly you cannot say that is 'playing a sport' because you can only 'play' a game and swimming, even incompetition, is not a "game".) On the other hand, if you hit a ping-pong ball across a ping-pong table with your friend for an hour, without keeping score, then I would say you are playing a sport, even though you are not actually playing a formal, competitive game of ping-pong.

　　However, even though I think swimming laps in a swimming pool is not sport, and even though very few Chinese people swim as a competitive sport, it is still suitable to call a swimming pool a 'sports facility' because in other parts of the world, a swimming pool is a place that is often used for sporting competition. For example, in Australia, every public swimming pool has a swimming club where the members hold swimming competitions against each other and against other swimming clubs.

　　I also would not call 'a gymnasium' a sports facility, where 'gymnasium' here simply means 'an exercise room' with weights and exercise machines. But it's probably ok to use that example in your answer, provided you communicate to the examiner the idea

　　that, "it's not really a sports facility but more an exercise facility".

　　The word, 'gymnasium' can also be used to mean, 'an indoor sports arena' where sporting competitions are held – that certainly is a sports facility.

　　Below are some common examples of sports facilities that are found in a town/city or school/university. Of course, there are others. And of course, for some of these, using the plural might be more appropriate, for example, "some basketball courts" and "some ping-pong tables".

　　Most of these examples are compound nouns (復合名詞). To speak these, the first word is spoken with more stress than the second word. "More stress" simply means "a little louder". The stressed part of the compound nouns are shown with heavier print, such as "table tennis", where the word "table" is spoken a little louder than the word, "tennis".

　　a swimming pool （游泳池）

　　a basketball court （籃球場）

　　a badminton court （羽毛球場）

　　a tennis court （網球場）

　　a squash  court  （壁球場） a volleyball court （排球場） a football field （足球場）

　　a baseball field （棒球場）

　　a hockey field （曲棍球場） an athletics field （田徑場） a running track （跑道）

　　a cycling track （自行車道）

　　a golf course （高爾夫球場）

　　a golf driving range （高爾夫球練習場）

　　an archery range （射箭場） a shooting range （射擊場） a shooting gallery （射擊場）

　　a)a gymnasium ( = a room for exercising, weightlifting, etc. This item is suitable if you

　　add the fact that it's really an exercise facility rather than a sports facility.) (健身房)

　　b)a gymnasium = an indoor stadium = a big competition room (大廳) that probably has seats for spectators and with facilities for such competitions as weightlifting, gymnastics, basketball, volleyball etc. （體育館）

　　a bowling alley (for ten-pin bowling) （保齡球館）

　　an ice-skating rink / a roller-skating rink / a skating rink （溜冰場）

　　a ski slope / a ski run / a ski resort （滑雪場）

　　ping-pong tables (= table tennis tables) （乒乓球臺）

　　a billiard room / a pool hall (臺球室) a skateboarding park （滑板公園）

　　a mountain bike track = a mountain bike competition ground （山地自行車賽道）

　　Exercise Facilities

　　The following examples are not suitable to use if the question is, "What sports facilities are there near where you live?" As noted above, "exercise" and "sport" are not exactly the same in meaning. However, it is possible to include these examples in your answer to that question, if you communicate to the examiner that you know the difference between "exercise facilities" and "sports facilities" and you are giving an extended answer to the question. This is especially true if either of the two questions 賈若寒作品：《雅思滿分流利口語（第二版）》

　　about sports facilities are used in Part 3. You are unlikely to have enough time in Part 1 for such an extended answer.

　　"exercise machines in an exercise area" ( = "exercise equipment" in public parks or public exercise areas) （運動機械）

　　a gymnasium / an exercise room （健身房）

　　a walking path in a public park （公園里的散步道路）

　　a jogging track （慢跑道路）

　　a yoga class (Yoga is classified as a form of exercise or a form of physical training rather than "a sport".) （瑜伽課）

　　an aerobics class (or, an aerobics group) （有氧健身課程）

　　a 'jazz dancing' class or group (which some women join as a form of exercise) （爵士舞課程）

　　a hiking club; a mountain trail for hiking （徒步健身俱樂部）