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　　“同義改寫”是雅思口語和寫作非常重要的技能，對于提升雅思各個科目的成績有著很大的幫助，在雅思大作文寫作中，同義替換不僅用于開頭段改述題目，更要在主體段通過對題中關鍵詞進行充分替換來展示詞匯水平甚至拓展論述思路。

　　一、同義替換舉例

　　例句：Paraphrasing is one of the most important skills to learn before doing your IELTS test.

　　改寫: Prior to taking the IELTS test, mastering paraphrasing is one of the most crucial things to do.

　　改寫句通過同義詞替換、改變語法結構、調整語序表達了與原句同樣的意思。詞匯方面，crucial=important,  prior=before；語法方面，mastering paraphrasing = paraphrasing；語序方面，將原句before的部分前置。這樣的改寫十分充分，目標高分考生應練習同時使用多種方式改寫句子。下面介紹常用的4種方式。

　　二、4種常用改寫方法

　　1. 同義詞替換

　　這是大家最為熟悉的改寫方式，通過使用同義詞來改述原句。例如：

　　原句：My car needs petrol.

　　改寫：My vehicle requires fuel.

　　改寫句盡可能多地替換了原句重點詞匯。短短4個詞的句子換了3個詞，充分展示了詞匯能力。又如：

　　原句：Global warming is mostly caused by emissions from internal combustion engines.

　　改寫：Climate change is mainly caused by the release of fumes from motor vehicles.

　　同義詞替換是最簡單常用的改寫方式，但一定要注意用詞準確，很多詞意思相近而非相同，導致意思表達有誤影響理解，進而導致LR失分。例如：

　　原句：Violent crime is on the rise among teenagers.

　　改寫不當：Violent offences are rising among young people.

　　改寫句用young people替換了teenagers，這兩個詞意思相似，但children、young  adults以及18-30歲的人都可以稱為young people，所以更準確的替換應該是adolescents或 young people between the ages of 13-19.

　　正確改寫：Violent offences are rising among adolescents.

　　小結：考生應只用自己100% 確定其準確性的詞匯來進行改寫，否則很可能出錯失分。

　　2.調整語序

　　調整語序也是改寫句子的有效方式，但一定要確認語序改變不會產生語法錯誤，還是要遵循100%原則：不100%確定改了之后不出錯，就不要改，準確和多樣性一樣重要。調整語序等方式包括加詞、減詞、改變詞性等。

　　（1）原句有從句時，改變從句順序即可

　　題目句：As languages such as Spanish, Chinese and English become more widely used, there is a fear that many minority languages may die out.

　　語序改寫：There is a fear that many minority languages may die out, as languages such as Spanish, Chinese and English become more widely used.

　　也可以通過增加一些同義詞進行更充分的改寫：

　　題目句：As languages such as Spanish, Chinese and English become morewidely used, there is a fear that many minority languages may die out.

　　語序&同義替換改寫：There is dismay that many lesser used languages maypass away, as languages such as Chinese, English and Spanish become more broadly spoken.

　　（2）形容詞改為定語從句

　　題目句：Learning to manage money is one of the key aspects to adult life.

　　定語從句改寫：Learning to manage money is one of the aspects to adult life that is key.

　　3.改變詞性

　　英語詞匯有不同的形式，包括名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞。改變詞性是有效的改述方式，改后一定要注意維持語法的準確性。

　　題目句：Longer life spans and improvements in the health of older peoplesuggest that people over the age of sixty-five can continue to live full and active lives.

　　詞性改寫句：Longer life spans and improvements in the health of older people are suggesting that people over the age of sixty-five can continue living full and active lives.

　　4.主動/被動轉換

　　題目句：The property developers invested $20 million in the development of the shopping centre.

　　被動語態改寫句: $20 million was invested in the development of shopping centres.

　　被動語態主要用于表達非個人觀點，例如：

　　主動句：People say that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

　　被動句：Global warming is said to be caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

　　三、怎樣使用上述改寫方法

　　上述4種改寫方法可以單獨使用，也可以綜合使用。語法改寫（語序/詞性）和同義替換比較常用。但無論使用哪種方法，一定要把握住100%原則：只使用自己100%確定準確的詞匯和語法，不確定就堅決不要用。尤其是目標7+考生，與其為了“炫技”而出錯，不如踏踏實實把所有句子寫對。要想提升改寫能力，唯一的途徑就是多看范文、多練習，練的越多，越能發現其中的“竅門”或“套路”。