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托福考試獨立寫作回憶和解析含范文，本文由培頓 教育 北京學校王辰 老師整理點評，王老師對本次托福考試寫作部分的綜合點評：本次綜合寫作不是常規的聽力反駁閱讀的題型，而是少見的“現象證明類”題型，值得關注。獨立寫作屬于政府社會類話題，是老題，難度不大。

　　獨立寫作

　　話題分類政府社會類

　　考題回憶Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

　　Scientists should be responsible for the negative effects of their discoveries.

　　解題思路本題立場可選擇disagree，認為科學家不應該為發明的負面影響負責。

　　主體段1：科學家往往無法預測一個發明的副作用。

　　主體段2：科研本身并不會帶來什么副作用，只有那些濫用科技的人才應該得到懲罰。

　　參考范文The invention of the wheel, the discovery of penicillin, the production of the car and the recent invention of the Internet are just a handful of the key advancements that changed the world for the better. However, science and technology is a double edged sword. This had led some to argue that scientists should be held responsible for the negative impact of their discoveries or innovations. I disagree with this viewpoint for the reasons stated below.

　　To begin with, the intention and motives of most scientists are honorable and the unwanted fallout of a discovery is mostly beyond their expectations. This can be confirmed by multiple examples. The discovery of nuclear power was intended to benefit humankind and foster scientific research on physics. The purpose of biological research was to understand the characteristics of living organisms more clearly and precisely. Pharmaceutical research was motivated by the need to develop new medicines to treat disease effectively. Furthermore, scientists cannot always accurately anticipate the future impact of their discoveries or their adverse effects. Scientists, like their fellow humans, have limitations and one is the inability to predict the future. Therefore, it is unfair to allow well-intentioned scientists to shoulder the responsibility for the unpredictable and negative consequences brought about by their discoveries.

　　In addition, scientific discovery itself does not necessarily have a negative impact. It is people who misuse science and technology for their own selfish motives that cause harm to society and thus should be held responsible. The atomic bomb, invented by Robert Oppenheimer is a good case in point. In order to expedite the surrender of the Japanese in the Second World War, nuclear bombs were designed and manufactured by the United States. They were put into operation over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, raiding the cities to rubble, causing untold death and suffering. Should Einstein, a strong anti-war activist, who had made a scientific breakthrough in explaining the mechanism of nuclear power, be blamed? Obviously, this disaster has nothing to do with Einstein. Or consider the case of genetic modification. Greedy business people used this technology to produce genetically modified food which may have caused gene mutation and toxic damage in the human body. It is these unethical and immoral businesses who should be brought to justice rather than the biochemical scientists who painstakingly developed genetic modification.

　　To sum up, it is unreasonable to hold scientists personally accountable if their discoveries cause negative effects in society today. After all, scientists are mostly driven by a desire to make the world a better place.

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