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1.  Argumentation – 廣告類
Many people argue that nowadays consumers buy lots of goods they don’t actually need because they are influenced by advertisements. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
 
Although it is widely accepted that the prevalence of advertisements plays a positive role in stimulating consumers to go shopping, it is not true to consider advertisement as the chief culprit of the fact that consumers buy a host of things that they do not need. In fact, some social factors, such as peer influence and celebrity effect, contribute to this phenomenon. Therefore, I disagree with this statement.
It is undeniable that advertisements have exerted a considerable impact on triggering people to buy goods. Some advertisers may exaggerate the quality of products in an attempt to mislead customers, thereby promoting sales of products. Consequently, customers bear the brunt of these advertisements and purchase an array of useless goods. However, with the enforcement of relevant laws in the realm of protection of consumers’ rights, the advertisements are no longer the main cause to lead consumers to buy things that they do not need.
In fact, peer influence gives rise to this situation. With the improvement of living standards and the increase of disposal incomes, people tend to compare with their peers and flaunt their wealth, so that they can enjoy the sense of accomplishment and vanity. As a result, people are gradually addicted to buying goods, especially luxurious goods, for the purpose of gratifying their vanity. Obviously, those products serve no helpful function in satisfying their real needs.
In addition, some people, especially young teenagers, are significantly influenced by the celebrities that endorse the products. They tend to imitate their idols with a view to expressing their love and spiritual support for those stars. Accordingly, they may buy the products that their idols are in favour of. Hence, such purchasing behaviour is not actuated by the needs of those products
To conclude, advertisements have a certain influence on customer’s purchasing behaviour. Nevertheless, peer influence and celebrity effect are the major cause of people buying a vast number of goods that they do not actually need.

 
WORDS
prevalence ['prev(?)l(?)ns]   n. 流行；普遍；廣泛
stimulating ['st?mj?le?t??]   v. 刺激；激勵；促進
consumers [k?n'sju:m?z]    n. [經][生態] 消費者，消耗者
advertisement [?d'v??t?zm(?)nt]   n. 廣告，宣傳
a host of    許多，一大群；眾多，大量
celebrity [s?'lebr?t?]   n. 名人；名聲
influence ['?nfl??ns]    n. 影響；勢力vt. 影響；改變
effect [?'fekt]     n. 影響；效果；作用vt. 產生；達到目的
contribute to     有助于；捐獻
phenomenon [f?'n?m?n?n]   n. 現象；奇跡；杰出的人才
undeniable [?nd?'na??b(?)l]  adj. 不可否認的；公認優秀的；無可爭辯的
exert [?g'z??t]  vt. 運用，發揮；施以影響
considerable [k?n's?d(?)r?b(?)l]  adj. 相當大的；重要的，值得考慮的
impact ['?mpækt]  vi. 影響；撞擊；
exaggerate [?g'zæd??re?t]  vt. 使擴大；使增大vi. 夸大；夸張
product ['pr?d?kt]  n. 產品；結果
in an attempt to  力圖,試圖
thereby [ðe?'ba?]  adv. 從而，因此
promoting  促進,晉升,促銷
sales [se?lz]  n. 銷售（sale的復數）；銷售額adj. 銷售的，售貨的；有關銷售的
consequently ['k?ns?kw(?)ntl?]  adv. 因此；結果；所以
bear the brunt of  首當其沖
purchase ['p?:t??s]  n. 購買 vt. 購買；贏得
array [?'re?]  n. 數組，陣列；一系列vt. 排列
enforcement [en'f??sm(?)nt]  n. 執行，實施；強制
protection [pr?'tek?(?)n]  n. 保護；防衛
in the realm of  在……領域里
relevant ['rel?v(?)nt]  adj. 相關的；切題的；中肯的
gives rise to  引起,導致
standard ['stænd?d]  n. 標準；水準
disposal [d?'sp??z(?)l]  n. 處理；支配；清理；安排
income ['?nk?m]  n. 收入，收益；所得
tend to  趨向；注意
peer [p??]  n. 貴族；同等的人vi. 凝視，盯著看；窺視
flaunt [fl??nt]  n. 炫耀；vt. 炫耀；飄揚
accomplishment [?'k?mpl??m(?)nt]  n. 成就；完成
vanity [?væn?ti]  n. 虛榮心；空虛
as a result  結果
gradually ['græd??l?]  adv. 逐步地；漸漸地
addicted to  上癮；沉迷于
luxurious [l?g'???r??s]  adj. 奢侈的；豐富的；
especially [?'spe?(?)l?]  adv. 特別；尤其；格外
for the purpose of  為了…目的
gratifying ['ɡræt?fa???]  adj.令人滿足的v. 使滿意
vanity [?væn?ti]  n. 虛榮心；空虛；浮華；無價值的東西
n addition  另外，此外
teenager ['ti?ne?d??]  n. 十幾歲的青少年；十三歲到十九歲的少年
significantly [s?g'n?f?k(?)ntl?]  adv. 意味深長地；值得注目地
influenced   v. 影響（influence的過去分詞）adj. 受影響的
endorse [?n'd??s]  vt. 背書；贊同；在背面簽名
imitate ['?m?te?t]  vt. 模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制
idol ['a?d(?)l]  n. 偶像，崇拜物；幻象；謬論
with a view to  著眼于；考慮到；以…為目的
expressing   v. 表達；表達觀點（express的ing形式）
spiritual ['sp?r?t???l]   adj. 精神的，心靈的
in favour of   支持，贊成
behaviour [b?'he?vj?]   n. 行為；習性；運行狀況（=behavior）
purchasing    n. [貿易] 采購（purchase的ing形式）；購買
behaviour [b?'he?vj?]   n. 行為；習性；運行狀況（=behavior）
actuated    adj. 開動的；動作的v. 驅動；激勵（actuate的過去分詞形式）
behaviour [b?'he?vj?]   n. 行為；習性；運行狀況（=behavior）
nevertheless [nev?ð?'les]   conj. 然而，不過adv. 然而，不過；雖然如此
major cause   主要原因
a vast number of   大量